• In humans individual differences in prefrontal

  2020-03-12

  

  In humans, individual differences in prefrontal dopamine are partially caused by the Val158Met single-nucleotide polymorphism on the catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT). This gene controls activity of the COMT enzyme, which degrades extracellular catecholamines including dopamine. The Val varia

• In the course of carbohydrate metabolism pyruvate the

  2020-03-12

  

  In the course of carbohydrate metabolism, pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, is converted to acetyl-CoA, which fuels the citrate cycle for further generation of energy. In the case of elevated levels of acetyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA is converted into malonyl-CoA by the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylas

• AR-C155858 Recent studies have shown that some CLC genes

  2020-03-12

  

  Recent studies have shown that some CLC genes participate in plant salt tolerance and have speculated that they function by mediating Cl− transport across the tonoplast. For instance, AtCLCc, a vacuolar anion transporter, is shown to be involved in the regulation of stomatal movement and to contribu

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2020-03-12

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion In this study, the N&B analysis showed new evidence regarding the proportion and the oligomerization state of the AT1 and the ETA receptors near or on the plasma membrane. Althought, preliminary studies suggest that the AT1 and the ETA receptors occu

• br Experimental Procedures br Acknowledgments

  2020-03-12

  

  Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments Bisphenol A (BPA) has been recognized as one of the most potent endocrine disruptors, functioning even at very low doses. Although it is anticipated that 2-APB receptor (ER) would mediate these effects of low-dose BPA, studies revealed that BPA bound

• br Declaration of conflicting interests br Funding

  2020-03-12

  

  Declaration of conflicting interests Funding The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by CT Stem Cell grant # 15-RMB-YALE-07 (to L.E.N), and by an unrestricted Research Gift from

• Although the mechanisms underlying the EP mediated increase

  2020-03-12

  

  Although the mechanisms underlying the EP4-mediated increase in the frequency of mEPSCs via PGE2 remain unclear, mechanisms similar to those driven by EP2 may be involved because activation of both these receptor subtypes increases the intracellular concentration of cAMP (Nishigaki et al., 1995, Sug

• Several effective strategies have been developed to design a

  2020-03-12

  

  Several effective strategies have been developed to design activatable MR probes according to the Solomon, Bloembergen and Morgan (SBM) theory, including modulation of the number of inner-sphere water molecules (q), the rotational tumbling time (τ) and the residence lifetime of inner-sphere water mo

• To function as Ub ligases E proteins must

  2020-03-12

  

  To function as Ub-ligases, E3 proteins must interact with E2s. As compared to the extensive studies on E3s, functional studies on E2s are relatively rudimentary in higher plants. We previously reported that there are 48 genes encoding Ub-conjugating (UBC) fold-containing putative E2 proteins in the

• br E E backside interaction The E possesses

  2020-03-12

  

  E3–E2 backside interaction The E2 possesses an important regulatory interface which is termed its backside as it is opposite to the catalytic cleft that bears the active-site cysteine forming the thioester with SUMOD. This backside site interacts noncovalently with a scaffold SUMOB and was origin

• LPA is known to regulate

  2020-03-11

  

  LPA is known to regulate the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and the reorganization of actin cytoskeleton [58]. However, the physiological functions of LPA in cells are still poorly understood. The simultaneous production of PA with/without 1-LPA or 2-LPA may be important to maximize a

• Members of the Nudix family typically contain a

  2020-03-11

  

  Members of the Nudix family typically contain a 23-amino-acid sequence (Nudix box) of GxExREUxEExGU, where U is usually Ile, Leu, or Val and x represents any amino acid. The EUxEE core residues serve as anchors for an Mg ligand that associates with a characteristic pyrophosphate linkage that is comm

• br The role of chemokine and AD Chemokines are small

  2020-03-11

  

  The role of chemokine and AD Chemokines are small cytokine proteins that are involved in various immunological and physiological functions. These proteins can be involved in cell migration and localization during homeostasis and inflammation, and as such, they were named chemokines [80]. Chemokin

• Acknowledgments br PGD is an aracha

  2020-03-11

  

  Acknowledgments PGD is an arachadonic acid-derived prostaglandin produced in large quantities when asthmatic lung tissues are challenged by allergens. PGD contracts the airway tissue as well as stimulating an inflammatory response. PGD was also found to be the ligand for a second receptor, DP2 (

• br Financial Support We would like to

  2020-03-11

  

  Financial Support We would like to acknowledge financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant numbers 81672778 and 81372165) and Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality (grant number 5142009). Acknowledgements Introduction The process of spermatogen

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