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br Acknowledgement br Introduction There has
2024-02-21

Acknowledgement Introduction There has been great progress in the treatment of autoimmune disease during the past several decades. However, the majority of autoimmune diseases have no known cure. B lymphocytes and autoantibodies play important roles in many autoimmune diseases, including rheum
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br Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewers for thei
2024-02-21

Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript, and also thank Dr. Hans-U. Dahms for his comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation (2009-0071218) funded to Young-Mi Lee. This work was al
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br Improvement of endothelial function The vascular
2024-02-21

Improvement of endothelial function The vascular endothelium is a single layer of P7C3 that lines the inner surface of all blood vessels and the heart. In addition to function as a selective barrier to prevent the diffusion of macromolecules from the blood lumen to the intestinal space, the vasc
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AN-2728 br Materials and methods All animal experiments were
2024-02-21

Materials and methods All animal experiments were performed using the recommendations of the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Research Council, 2011) and approved by the University of Colorado—Denver Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Adult male Sprague—Dawley
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Transient transfection with ATR kinase
2024-02-21

Transient transfection with ATR kinase-dead (D2475→A) [30] and ATM kinase-dead (D2870→Ala and N2875→K) [31] constructs was performed using Fugene 6 (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis). Three microliters of fugene 6+1μg plasmid was used in transfections using 6-well plates at 2×105 cells/well and a
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The first objective of the present study was to investigate
2024-02-21

The first objective of the present study was to investigate the impact of ageing on arginase activity in tissues which exhibit age-related impairments in their function. The second objective was to determine whether l-arginine supplementation modulated the effect of ageing on arginase activity. The
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br Discussion Arginase and Arginase are homologous
2024-02-21

Discussion Arginase 1 and Arginase 2 are homologous enzymes that consume l-arginine to produce l-ornithine and urea [14], [15]. These enzymes compete with NO synthases for the same substrate [14], [15], [30], and therefore may reduce NO production [21], [24], [30]. The colocalization of arginases
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br Physiology of the apelin
2024-02-21

Physiology of the apelin pathway Role of apelin in heart disease Both apelin and apelin receptor null mice manifested moderate reduction in cardiac contractile function under basal conditions and their exercise capacity was markedly reduced (Table 1) [56]. Apelin has direct effects on the prop
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A next series of experiments explored
2024-02-21

A next series of experiments explored whether cardiac Ampkα1 Q-VD(OMe)-OPh is modified in response to pressure overload imposed by TAC. As a result, 2weeks of TAC treatment significantly increased Ampkα1 protein abundance in cardiac tissue from Ampkα1+/+ mice as compared to sham treated mice (Fig.
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On the other hand our
2024-02-21

On the other hand, our study permits to draw general conclusions about the complex functional pattern of C4HT, C8HT and C12HT, in comparison with the parent molecule HT and two reference compounds like Trolox and vitamin E. Table 1 summarizes the results obtained in the present investigation (for th
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Echinocandin resistance is systematically associated with
2024-02-21

Echinocandin resistance is systematically associated with point mutations in either FSK1 or FSK2 genes [7], [104]. These mutations are located in two different not spot regions of these genes named HS1 and HS2. Hot spot mutations have been reported in C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krus
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br Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is a
2024-02-21

Diabetic retinopathy Diabetic retinopathy is a severe sight-threatening complication associated with diabetes mellitus. It is one of the most common causes of preventable blindness in the world. The risk of developing microvascular diabetic complications increases in diabetic patients with an inc
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br Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives
2024-02-20

Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectives The collective evidence from studies detailing the functions of AMPK in the neuromuscular system, combined with those in DMD, SMA, and DM1 surveyed in the present review, strongly suggests that AMPK is a central mediator of neuromuscular determination, m
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br Depletion of serum amino acids Currently
2024-02-20

Depletion of serum amino acids Currently, the only anticancer agents that directly target amino Ciclopirox ethanolamine metabolism are bacterial l-asparaginases (from Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi), which are FDA-approved for treatment of pediatric and adult ALL. A potential complicat
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br Understanding AD through Transcriptome Analysis
2024-02-20

Understanding AD through Transcriptome Analysis Both classical gene discovery and pathway-based analysis of AD GWAS shed light on the range of biological processes that contribute to AD in addition to amyloid pathology. The straightforward interpretation and functional investigation of the associ
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