• br Concluding Remarks and Future Directions

  2025-02-17

  

  Concluding Remarks and Future Directions The physiological significance of autophagy in neuronal function is steadily emerging. The studies discussed herein reveal that key neuronal functions, such as neurotransmitter release, pruning of dendritic spines, and behavioural outputs of neural network

• ATM is required for the proper function of

  2025-02-17

  

  ATM is required for the proper function of the DNA-repair pathway in response to bleomycin-induced DNA damage in mammalian cells [55], [56]. Recent reports suggest that ATM activation by double-strand breaks leads to the subsequent ATR activation [57], [58], [59]. The recruitment of ATR to double-st

• ATM is generally regarded to be the principal mediator

  2025-02-17

  

  ATM is generally regarded to be the principal mediator of the G1 atp gamma s checkpoint, whereas the induction of the intra-S-phase and G2/M checkpoints are usually primarily related to ATR function. However, several studies have demonstrated that, depending on the cellular context and type of DNA d

• Crystal structures were obtained of sulfonamide and

  2025-02-17

  

  Crystal structures were obtained of sulfonamide 18 and amide 19 as a derivative of amide 36 (Fig. 7A and B). The precise rotameric orientation of amide 36 was of significant interest to understand the compound's interaction with the protein. As it would be difficult to assign the rotomer of 36, the

• To further investigate the role of cholesterol

  2025-02-15

  

  To further investigate the role of cholesterol in the Rh2-induced cytotoxicity, we then focused on the U937 cell line, which is cholesterol auxotroph and considered as a valuable model to study the importance of cholesterol in membrane structure and function (Billheimer et al., 1987), and used the e

• br Roles of apelin and APJ

  2025-02-15

  

  Roles of apelin and APJ in cardiovascular diseases Therapeutic potential of apelin/APJ in cardiovascular diseases Since the apelin/APJ system plays a key role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases, it seems logical to presume that targeting this axis should be feasible a

• gp120 The reduction of heterodimerization of KOR and APJ by

  2025-02-15

  

  The reduction of heterodimerization of KOR and APJ by both doses of apelin found in the present study may result in inducing protective effects of apelin on the myocardium imposed to high pressure in renovascular hypertension conditions. The finding that apelin in both doses reduced heterodimerizati

• Perforation of the surface membrane however

  2025-02-15

  

  Perforation of the surface membrane, however, is not the only mechanism of calcium dysregulation by Aβ at the presynaptic terminals. When in excess, both monomers and oligomers modulate biophysical properties of voltage-activated calcium selective kinase inhibitor as well as calcium release from th

• br Results br Discussion Cardiac

  2025-02-15

  

  Results Discussion Cardiac dysfunction, common complication of severe sepsis, is one cause of death in intensive care units. Accumulated evidence revealed the regulatory effect of autophagy on sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction [15], [22], although the mechanisms in young and aging are not elu

• br Materials and methods br Results and discussion First we

  2025-02-15

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion First, we examined whether hypothalamic Akt-mediated signaling pathways are regulated postprandially in chickens. Refeeding significantly (P plasma epicatechin side effects concentrations significantly increased in chicks after 1 h of refeeding (958

• The literature suggests that adiponectin has a steroidogenic

  2025-02-15

  

  The literature suggests that adiponectin has a steroidogenic effect on ovarian function. In pigs, in vitro studies have shown that adiponectin reduced basal testosterone secretion in internal theca cells; in granulosa cells, it increased secretion of estradiol and, in combination with insulin, incre

• hydroxydopamine OHDA is a selective catecholaminergic neurot

  2025-02-15

  

  6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a selective catecholaminergic neurotoxin mainly used to generate lesions in the nigrostriatal pathway in rats (Ungerstedt, 1968). The most common use of 6-OHDA is via unilateral injection into the rat medial forebrain bundle (MFB). DA depletion, nigral DA cell loss, and

• br Adenosine as a mediator of procedures

  2025-02-15

  

  Adenosine as a mediator of procedures used to manage pain The issue of caffeine Caffeine, from dietary sources, is perhaps the most widely consumed behaviorally active agent in the world (Fredholm et al., 1999). Initial characterization indicated caffeine had a higher affinity at A1−, A2A− and

• br Experimental procedure br Introduction Migraine

  2025-02-14

  

  Experimental procedure Introduction Migraine is a debilitating neurovascular disorder characterized by recurring unilateral pulsating headaches of moderate to severe intensity, associated with nausea, photophobia and/or phonophobia, lasting from 4 to 72 h (Headache Classification Committee of

• br Materials and methods br Results

  2025-02-14

  

  Materials and methods Results and discussion In our previous studies (Matarneh et al., 2017), mitochondria were mechanically disrupted and separated into supernatant and pellet fractions by centrifugation. The causative agent for enhnced glycolytic flux was shown to be a protein that resides i

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